장고 튜토리얼 - 4 : Polls App 2 > 장고 DJango

장고 튜토리얼에 따라 진행한 과정을 기록하고 설명한 것. 

https://docs.djangoproject.com/  

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1.  Django 관리 (Admin)에서 Question과 Choice 추가. 
   - Question은 설문조사 제목 > Questions에서 + 추가 > Question text : "저메추" 입력 > Date published : 날짜와 시간 입력 > 저장 
   - Choice는 그 설문조사에 열거할 항목 > Choices + 추가 > Question 선택 :  Question object(1) 선택 > Choice text: "김치찌개" 입력 > 저장 > 이런 식으로 여러개 Choice 입력. 
   
   
   
   
   
2.  view 작성 : polls/views.py 
   
   from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect

   from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render

   from django.urls import reverse

   
   

   from .models import Choice, Question

   
   

   def index(request):

       latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]

       context = {'latest_question_list': latest_question_list}

       return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context)

   
   

   def detail(request, question_id):

       question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)

       return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})

   
   
   

   def results(request, question_id):

       question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)

       return render(request, 'polls/results.html', {'question': question})

   
   

   def vote(request, question_id):

       question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)

       try:

           selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])

       except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):

           # Redisplay the question voting form.

           return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {

               'question': question,

               'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",

           })

       else:

           selected_choice.votes += 1

           selected_choice.save()

           # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing

           # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a

           # user hits the Back button.

           return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(question.id,)))

   
   
    
   
   
3.  url : polls/urls.py 
   
   from django.urls import path

   from . import views

   
   

   app_name = 'polls'

   urlpatterns = [

       path('', views.index, name='index'),

       path('<int:question_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),

       path('<int:question_id>/results/', views.results, name='results'),

       path('<int:question_id>/vote/', views.vote, name='vote'),    

   ]
    
   
   
4.  템플릿 작성 ( polls 디렉토리 내에 templates 디렉토리 그 내에 polls 디렉토리 생성 
   1. index.html : polls/templates/polls/index.html 
      
      {% if latest_question_list %}

          <h3>설문조사 목록</h3>

          <ul>

          {% for question in latest_question_list %}

              <li><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>
      

          {% endfor %}

          </ul>

      {% else %}

          <p>No polls are available...</p>

      {% endif %}

      
      
       
   2. detail.html : polls/templates/polls/detail.html 
      
      <form action="{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}" method="post">

          {% csrf_token %}

          <fieldset>

              <legend><h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1></legend>

              {% if error_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>{% endif %}

              {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}

                  <input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}">

                  <label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice_text }}</label><br>

              {% endfor %}

          </fieldset>

          <input type="submit" value="추천">

      </form>

      
      
       
       
      
   3. results.html : polls > templates > polls > results.html 
      
      <h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>

      
      

      <ul>

      {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}

          <li>{{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}</li>

      {% endfor %}

      </ul>

      
      

      <a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">재추천</a>

      
      
        
5.  실행 
   1. 브라우저 주소창에 http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/ 입력  > index.html 
      
      
      
   2.  저메추 클릭 > detail.html 
      
      
   3. 첫번째 choice 김치찌개를 선택하고 추천 버튼을 클릭한 결과화면 > results.html